Romans 10:18-11:10 - A Remnant Chosen by Grace (Erik Veerman)

Please turn to Romans chapter 10. Our sermon text begins in verse 18 and goes to chapter 11 verse 10. You can find that in the pew Bibles on page 1125

Last week we considered two main ideas from the middle of chapter 10.

·       First – faith is simple. It is confessing Jesus as Lord and believing in his death and resurrection.

·       Second – In order for people to know about saving faith, they need to hear. And in order for people to hear, believers need to be sent to proclaim the good news.

And that brings us to our verses this morning. The question is, what about the people of Israel? Why do most not have this saving faith?

That is the main question to which the apostle Paul now turns.

Reading of Romans 10:18 to 11:10

Prayer

Back when I was in the business consulting world, I worked with lots of people with different beliefs and backgrounds – that include a few Jewish people. With two of them, in particular, I had multiple conversations about God and faith. Both of these guys had a very strong Jewish identity. Both of them would celebrate Jewish holidays. Both of them knew what those celebrations were about. However, neither of them believed in God at all. And that is pretty typical. I suspect some of you have had the same experience.

Albert Einstein, the most famous scientist in US history who was also Jewish, wrote this: "The word god is for me nothing more than the expression and product of human weaknesses,” Einstein furthermore said, “the Bible [is] a collection of honorable, but still primitive legends... No interpretation no matter how subtle can (for me) change this." That is a hear heart.

Many Jews, today, are very secular like Einstein was. Not only do they reject Jesus, but many reject the existence of God.

To be sure, orthodox and other conservative Jews certainly do believe in God. However, they reject Jesus as the Messiah. One of the most well know Rabbis in history described Jesus as the failed Messiah…. He wrote, “Rather than redeeming Israel Jesus caused Jews to be killed and exiled, changed the Torah and led the world to worship a false God.”

All of that is sad to consider. As the apostle Paul wrote in the beginning of chapter 9, “to them belong the adoption, the glory, the covenants, the giving of the law, the worship, and the promises. To them belong the patriarchs, and from their race, according to the flesh, is the Christ, who is God over all.”

And we ask, why? Why, Lord, do they not believe? After all, they have the promises and patterns and prophecies of the Messiah. And the New Testament has about 1000 Old Testament quotes and allusions. They reveal how Jesus fulfilled those promises and patterns and prophecies.

Is it because they have not heard? Or is it because they have not understood what they heard? Lord, have you rejected your people?

These are important questions. And those are the three main questions in these verses.

In one sense, the apostle Paul has already answered the question. Do you remember from chapter 9 that God in his sovereignty has mercy on those whom he choses to have mercy and he hardens whom he chooses to harden? That answer is from the divine perspective. It’s from the perspective of God’s purposes, which are for his own glory. Remember, it’s about God’s mercy.

Well, today’s verses answer the question from the human perspective. We learned last week that the means through which people receive the righteousness of God (the means through which people are saved) is through faith in Christ. It’s professing Jesus as Lord. It’s believing him as the promised Messiah. That is how we come to know that God has been merciful to us.

So, from a human perspective, why do more Jewish people not believe by faith in Christ? Did they never hear? Or is it that they do not understand?

Well, those first two questions are answered at the end of chapter 10.

Let’s take those in order. First, did unbelieving Israel never hear? Is it possible the problem is they have not been told?

Well, the apostle gives an answer right there in verse 18. “I ask, have they not heard? Indeed they have, for ‘Their voice has gone out to all the earth, and their words to the ends of the world.’”

That is a very interesting quote. It’s from Psalm 19. It’s actually one of my favorites. “The heavens declare the glory of God, and the sky above proclaims his handiwork. Day to day pours out speech, and night to night reveals knowledge. There is no speech, nor are there words, whose voice is not heard.” And then the words quoted in Romans 10 “Their voice has gone out to all the earth…”

The reason this reference is interesting or curious is that the beginning of Psalm 19 is speaking abut God’s character and nature revealed in creation. The verse that Paul quotes is not talking about God’s Word and the promise of redemption going forth. But Romans 10 is. It’s about God’s Word (his special revelation) and about salvation in Christ. So, there is a seeming disconnect.

Now, there have been different interpretations as to why Psalm 19 is referenced. Let me give you two possibilities which I think best answer the question.

·       First, Psalm 19 actually does talk about God’s special revelation in the second half. The Psalmist writes later in the Psalm, “the law of the Lord is perfect, reviving the soul.” And it goes on to talk about God’s “testimony” and “precepts” and “commands.” So one possibility is that Paul is alluding to the whole Psalm. He’s saying, yes, Israel has heard. They have the Scriptures, which includes the law. And remember from up in Romans 10:4. Christ is the end of the law – he is its purpose and fulfillment. Bottom line, yes, they have heard. So that’s one strong possibility.

·       A second possible reason is this: Since the whole creation testifies to God’s character and everyone in the world has therefore witnessed it, how much more so has Israel heard. Israel has both the witness of God’s general revelation all around them and they have the special revelation of God’s revealed Word. Yes, they have heard.

Whatever the reason for the Psalm 19 reference, the point is clear. As Paul says, “Indeed they have [heard]”

Which brings us to the next question. Ok, well, if they indeed heard, is the reason they did not believe because they did not understand? You see that question right there in verse 19, “Did Israel not understand?”

And Paul answers that with multiple Old Testament references. In fact, in our verses today, there are 7 Old Testament quotes – that’s 7 in just 14 verses. That is a lot. As he has done that throughout these chapters, Paul answers the questions by going back to the Scriptures.

Alright, I want you to look down at our text in Romans 10 and 11, you’ll see some of those quotes. In the English Standard Version, which is what we use for our readings, you’ll see three indented quotes at the end of chapter 10. And if you look over in chapter 11, you’ll see two more indented quotes in verses 8 through 10. We already discussed the first reference - Psalm 19. The other four Old Testament quotes are all related.

They all answer the question, why didn’t Israel believe?

I like the way that one commentator summarized it. He says that these verses reveal “that not ignorance but unwillingness was the cause of Israel’s lack of faith.” (Hendrickson)… not ignorance, but unwillingness. They understood the words, but they ignored or disregarded them.

Sometimes, I’m sitting on the couch or I’m sitting in my recliner, and Amy will ask me a question. Now, I may be present in the room (well, at least my body is), but my brain is somewhere else. I could be thinking about my sermon or thinking about a house project or thinking about something related to church. And I’ll instinctively respond to Amy’s question with “sure” or “that sounds good.” All the while, my mind is not there.

And then every once and a while, she ask, “any thoughts on what I just asked?” My first thought is, “wait, what did she ask me? is this a trap?” No, she’s sincere… and I have to quickly come back to reality and pretend like I was always there. But she knows. Her words came in one ear  and went out the other.

Israel heard the words, but they didn’t really hear. They understood but they really weren’t listening. No, their mind was on other things. In fact, their mind was on other gods, not on the one true God.

And that’s the point of the Moses reference in Romans 10 verse 19. It’s a quote from Deuteronomy 32. God was angry because Israel was pursuing false gods. They knew God’s law, that they should have no other gods before him, but they disregarded it.

And so, what did God do? Well, he went to a people who were not his people and he made them his people. That’s the “jealous” reference in verse 19.  And actually, verse 20 mentions the same thing. This time it’s a quote from the prophet Isaiah, chapter 65. “I have been found by those who did not seek me; I have shown myself to those who did not ask for me.”

In other words, since you ignored and rejected my words, I’m going to reveal myself to the Gentiles in order to make you jealous.

By the way, next week we’ll get into the jealous theme a little more because Paul comes back to it in the middle of chapter 11, so stay tuned for that.

The point here is that God clearly revealed himself to them, but they ignored him. The next quote in verse 21 is actually the very next verse in Isaiah 65. “All day long I have held out my hands to a disobedient and contrary people.”  God had been gracious to them, but they rejected him. Again, not because of ignorance (not knowing), but because of disregard.

Now, jump over to chapter 11 verse 8. It’s related. It says, “God gave them a spirit of stupor, eyes that would not see and ears that would not hear, down to this very day.” And that continues to today. God closed the eyes of Israel’s hearts. Chapter 11 verse 10 is similar. “let their eyes be darkened so that they cannot see, and bend their backs forever.”

You see, it’s both their responsibility for not listening and believing…. and it is God who hardens them.  That is the tension in these three chapters and really in all of scripture – man’s responsibility and God’s sovereignty.

It goes back to something we considered in chapter 9. Every single one of us was dead in our sins and trespasses – our unbelief. Every single human being is responsible for his or her unbelief and sin. It goes all the way back to the tragic results of the fall. But God in his mercy chose some to receive his grace. And that is part of the answer to the question here. And it is an important question.

Did God reject his people, Israel? That’s the question in chapter 11 verse 1. After all, Israel rejected him, so does that mean, given God’s sovereignty, that God rejected them?

What is Paul’s response? Well, it’s one of his many emphatic responses. “By no means!” Absolutely... positively... unequivocally, God did NOT reject his people!

And he gives two examples followed by a reason.

The first example is very very personal. Paul gives the example of himself. He was an Israelite to the core – a Hebrew of Hebrews. He had been a pharisee! In fact, Paul was persecuting and killing Christians before Jesus himself appeared to him. But then he fell on his knees and believed in Jesus as Lord – as the promised Messiah. Do you see how Paul is answering the question? Look at me. I am an example of the fact that God has not rejected his people.

And you know what, Paul is writing to the church in Rome. Several in the church to whom he was writing were also Jewish. Paul mentions the most well-known ones in chapter 16 - Priscilla and Aquilla.  They were Jewish, originally from Rome. About 25 years earlier they had to flee Rome because of persecution against the Jews. That’s when they moved to Corinth and met Paul. Somewhere in there they became believers in Jesus. After Corinth, they were sent to Ephesus to help the church there. And now they were back home in Rome.

And besides Priscilla and Aquila, in the book of Acts, we learn about several Jews coming to faith in Christ including a Jewish synagogue leader. Paul’s point is that God had not rejected his people. There were in fact, many Jews, including himself, who believed.

Did you know that today, there are about 350,000 Jews who believe in Jesus. Multiple organizations have done surveys in the last several years including Pew Research. That is 350,000 out of about 15 million Jews in the world. That is a small number, but it is not insignificant. There are Messianic Jewish congregations in Atlanta that believe in Jesus. There are about 300 congregations in the modern nation of Israel who believe in Jesus. You see, the remnant not only existed in Paul’s day, but a remnant of Israel exists today.

Ok, let’s go way back. Paul gives another example. This time he goes back almost 900 years from his day. He reminds his readers of the prophet Elijah. Back in Elijah’s day, many in Israel followed the false god Baal.

Some of you remember what happened. King Ahab called the prophets of Baal and the people of Israel to convene on Mt Carmel – 450 false prophets showed up. Elijah was there by himself as the sole prophet of Yahweh.

And Elijah called on the prophets of Baal to build a structure of wood and a sacrifice on top of it and to call on Baal to bring down fire to consume the sacrifice. So that is what they did. They built it and called on their god. But, of course, nothing happened. So Elijah then mocked them. Where is your god? Perhaps he is busy or perhaps relieving himself in one of the porta-potties… or maybe he’s on vacation, or asleep.

And this went on.

Finally, Elijah had a structure built and a sacrifice prepared – it included 12 stones to represent the 12 tribes of Israel. And not only that, he sent for water and had the whole structure doused in water so that the wood was saturated and the trenches around the altar were full. And Elijah prayed. And immediately, fire came down and consumed the sacrifice. It consumed the stones, the wood, the sacrificial bull, and the water in the trench. The people then bowed down and worshiped the Lord God.

But their belief was short lived. King Ahab and Queen Jezebel put immense pressure on the people and again their hearts turned away from God. Earlier in our service, we heard the account in 1 King 19. The king and the queen also threatened to kill Elijah.

And so Elijah goes off into the wilderness. He’s overwhelmed. He feels like a failure. He feels like his ministry is all for nothing. He feels like he’s the only faithful one. And what does he say to the Lord? It’s quoted there in Romans 11 “Lord, they have killed your prophets, they have demolished your altars, and I alone am left, and they seek my life!” He actually says that twice back in 1 Kings! That’s how strongly he felt.

But then the Lord God reveals his glory to Elijah and responds.

And God gives Elijah a very surprising answer. It’s not the answer that Elijah was expecting. He thought he was alone in the world. But God said, “I have seven thousand in Israel who have not bowed the knee to Baal.” You are not alone! There are those who heard and who believed!

Let’s go back to Romans. After referencing God’s response to Elijah, Paul writes … “So too at the present time there is a remnant, chosen by grace.”

God had not rejected his people Israel, because he has always had a remnant of his people Israel who are his true people. Earlier in chapter 9, Paul identified them as descendants of the promise. And here Paul writes they are chosen by grace.

Grace, by the way, is the Greek word Xaris. It means an undeserved gift. Grace is not something we can earn by works, rather it is a gift of God.

That is why verse 7 says, “But if it is by grace, it is no longer on the basis of works; otherwise grace would no longer be grace.” You see, it cannot be both works and grace that make God’s remnant of Israel be his true people. No, those things don’t go together. The very essence of grace is that it is undeserved – works cannot save you.

Let me ask, was there ever a time when salvation was achieved through our works? The answer may surprise you.  Yes, but you have to go all the way back to Adam and Eve in the garden before the fall. Since the moment they ate the forbidden fruit…  the only work that could achieve salvation is the work of God in Christ for you. That is God’s grace. It is for all who believe by faith. That includes Israel of old who believed by faith in the savior to come… and it includes Jews today who believe by faith in the savior who has come.

It is all a gift of grace.

Now, in verse 7, Paul does say that Israel failed to obtain what it was seeking. What he is saying is that Israel, as a whole, the natural descendants, failed to believe. By in large, that’s true. However, as he puts it next, “the elect have obtained it.” Those are the remnant of Israel, which God ordained before the foundation of the world, to believe in him. It is they who are chosen by grace.

Here’s the summary:

Did Israel hear? Yes, they all heard with their ears, but only the remnant heard with their hearts. Did they understand? Yes, they all understood the words, but only the remnant truly listened. The rest were hardened by their own unbelief and hardened by the Lord. But God, in his sovereign grace, ordained some to everlasting life. God has therefore not rejected his people.

I want to end with a brief word of application. Let me first say that this application is not directly present in these verses. However, it is a necessary response. Last week, we talked about proclaiming the good news – blessed are the feet of those who bring the good news. Well, besides that responsibility… there’s only one other thing that we can do… one other thing that can affect change in someone’s heart to hear and believe.

We can pray.

God is the one who opens ears to hear and opens eyes to see. Yes, he uses his people to proclaim but it is his Holy Spirit who changes a heart of stone to a heart of flesh. When we pray, we recognize that. We recognize that it is those chosen by grace who will believe.

And so we boldly pray that God would open the eyes and ears of all to hear his word – just as he did ours. And our prayer should include Jewish unbelievers – the secular ones, the orthodox ones, any and all who reject God and his Son, the Messiah and Savior of the world.

May God remind us of his grace in our lives… And may we pray that he would expand the remnant of Israel, that many more would believe in Jesus.